Language of the Fenua across the seas
Reo Tahiti (The Language of Tahiti), or Tahitian,is part of the Reo Mā’ohi, a term for the ensemble of indigenous languages spoken in French Polynesia. There are five main indigenous languages: Tahitian (Reo Tahiti), Tuamotuan (Pa’umotu), Marquesan (Reo Nu’uhiva), Rurutu-Tupuai (Reo Tuha’a pae), Mangarevan (Reo Mareva).
Composed of 118 islands and atolls scattered throughout a territory that is roughly the size of Metropolitan France itself, French Polynesia has both French and Tahitian as official languages. While French is the institutional and educational language, the Reo Tahiti is a vernacular that is most commonly used at home. More than half of the French Polynesian population is bilingual, speaking French and at least one other Reo Mā’ohi, and with about 125,000 speakers concentrated in the Society Islands, the Reo Tahiti is the most spoken indigenous language of the region (Peltzer & Tuheiava-Richaud, 2011).
However, it is, to some extent, spoken across all of French Polynesia and by diasporic groups in Vanuatu, New Caledonia, France, and other territories. This typically refers to Tahitian peoples having left Tahiti and French Polynesia for various reasons (to work abroad, to study, etc.), who maintain strong cultural links with the culture of their homeland.
Originally the language of the Mā’ohi peoples before the successive waves of evangelization and of colonization (in that order) that started in the 19th century and continued through the 20th century, the Tahitian language travelled across the various archipelagos of French Polynesia (Tuamotus, Austral islands, Gambier islands, Marquesas, Bass islands) and branched out into other dialects. If their common origin links the indigenous languages of French Polynesia to the Reo Tahiti, they are all invariably distinct.
Note: “Fenua” means land in Tahitian. It generally bears affective connotations to the Mā’ohi peoples who use it to refer to their homeland in French Polynesia.
In thirteen letters
As is often the case with languages, theReo Tahitiis very sensitive to pronunciation. Good grammar skills won’t take you very far if your pronunciation is lacking. As a matter of fact, the Tahitian alphabet only contains thirteen letters: eight consonants (f, h, m, n, p, r, t, v) and five vowels (a, e, i, o, u). Not surprising then that so much comprehensibility lies on Phonology’s thin shoulders.
Be careful about the “u” which sounds like the “oo” in “foot”. The “h” is heard, just like in English. The pronunciation of the vowels can vary. They can either be short (a, e, i, o, u) and unstressed, or long (ā, ē, ī, ō, ū) and stressed upon. For example, [i] would be pronounced as in “city”, while [ī] would be closer to “teem”. One important sound, eta, is symbolized by a reversed comma ʻ and corresponds to a glottal pause; the airflow is blocked in the vocal tract. It is so important, in fact, that it is considered a separate consonant.
Let’s see with a few examples of why pronunciation is key. Oftentimes, the vowels (long or short) or the etaare the only distinctions between two or three words with spellings that look traitorously similar but with different meanings.
ʻaʻo (animal fat) | ao (day, world) | aʻo (advice, teaching) |
iʻa (fish) | ʻīʻā (to overflow) | ʻiʻa (to coat) |
ʻāvaʻe (moon, month) | ʻāvae (leg) | ʻavae (sugar cane) |
The incongruity of written orality
Languages are in constant process of evolution; they’re changing, adapting, getting influenced and being remodeled. Before the first contact with European missionaries and navigators, theReo Tahiti, like most languages, was submitted to its own internal variations (Vernier, 1948: 59). Then the Europeans accosted. The Protestant missionaries of the London Missionary Society came to Tahiti in the early nineteenth century, converted the main ariki (chiefs), and initiated a dramatic change in the practice of the Reo Tahiti, notably by translating the Bible into Tahitian (undefined).
The language officially went from purely spoken to scribbled and penned. A way to save the language, to immortalize the words? Possibly. But some Mā’ohi scholars and writers argue that this spoken-to-written transition instead contributed to the weakening of the Tahitian tradition of orality.
Tahitian poet and educator Flora Devatine blames colonialism and the transition to writing for muting Polynesian orality (2009: 13). By defining it as “the foundation, the support, the construction and the boat that guides the navigation of one’s thoughts” (2009: 10), she underscores its significance for the speakers and for the cultural traditions of the region. In the same vein, Polynesian author Chantal Spitz, whose famous novel L’île des Rêves Écrasés was first published in 1991, deplores the “hegemony of writing over orality” (my translation, Sultan, 2011: 65). Chantal Spitz’s controversial masterpiece was translated by Anderson Jean under the English title “Island of Shattered Dreams” and published by Huia in 2007. But both these authors’ literary pieces, infused with Tahitian orality and Reo Tahiti words, show how French Polynesian writers manage to turn this aspect of the language into a cultural, literary strength.
Relations of power
Reo Tahiti is not spared the indigenous linguicide imposed by the rise of super-global languages. In spite of its institutionalization and of its inclusion in the French Polynesian school curriculum in 1981, the Tahitian language sees its number of speakers decline. Worse yet, a recent sociolinguistic study suggests that the Tahitian language has been reduced to basic and extremely simple communication phrases and expressions in the mouths of the youngest generations of speakers (Salaün et al., 2016).
Several factors can explain this intergenerational decline in linguistic practices.
One of them is the general ban of the Reo Tahitiby French schools and administrations that lasted over a century, roughly until the 1980s. Speaking Tahitian was not just frowned upon, it was forbidden. In an interview, author Chantal Spitz shares her anecdote of the Tahitian language interdiction at school when she was young. Whenever a child was heard speaking the Reo Tahiti, he was given a seashell. If he were lucky, another child would be caught speaking the forbidden language and would become the stigmatized offender in his place. Otherwise, as bearer of the seashell, he would be pulling weeds after school as punishment.
Later, as the interdiction was progressively lifted, parents were still strongly advised not to speak Tahitian to their children. The general idea was that speaking the indigenous language at home would hinder their children’s learning of French at school. Studies in cognitive psychology and psycholinguistics have since refuted this claim, and they even advertise the benefits of exposure to multiple languages (Fan et al., 2015). But undoing a century of linguistic censorship and uprooting an erroneous belief that has embedded itself deeply into the collective consciousness is harder said than done.
Add globalization into the mix, and the Reo Tahiti appears more and more like a street vendor about to be swallowed by a multinational fast-food chain.
A cultural wake-up call
Facing risks of extinction in the long run, the Reo Tahiti has no choice but to voice its own warning. Tahitian linguists and artists call for a re-appropriation of the language by the younger generations, for a cultural and linguistic awakening, as letting theReo Tahiti turn into an unspoken dialect would mean losing a part of the Mā’ohi culture. Steve Chailloux, Tahitian instructor at the University of Manoā in Hawaii, encourages people to try out the language, no matter their levels of proficiency (Chameau, 2016).
With 2019 being credited the “Year of Indigenous Languages” by UNESCO, an acknowledgement of the increasing threat of extinction hanging over the indigenous languages, but also of the cultural resonance that such languages sustain, what better time to start learning (or re-learning) the Reo Tahiti?
The best time is now…
Say hello to your friends… ʻIa ora na!
Ask them how they are… ʻE aha te huru?
Impress them by toasting in Tahitian… Manuia!
Tell your beloved “I love you”… Ua here vau ia oe
Or that he/she is beautiful… Mea purotu roa oe
Say that you’re fed up… Fiu pei!
Or that you don’t mind…ʻAita e’pe’a pe’a.
Say thank you… Māuruuru.
And goodbye… Nana!
Want more? Check out the Tahihi Tourism website for common expressions in Tahiti and Steve Chailloux’s Youtube channel E Reo Tō ‘Oeto hear Tahitian:
References
Chameau, Christine (2016, December 17). “Reo Tahiti, enquête sur une langue qui se meurt.” Telerama. https://www.telerama.fr/television/reo-tahiti-enquete-sur-une-langue-qui-se-meurt,151553.php
Devatine, F (2009). “Written Tradition, Oral Tradition, Oral Literature, Fiuriture.” Shima: The International Journal of Research into Island Cultures 3(2), 10-14.
Fan, SP, Liberman, Z, Keysar, B, & Kinzler, KD. (2015). “The Exposure Advantage: Early Exposure to a Multilingual Environment Promotes Effective Communication.” Psycho Sci 26(7), 1090-7.
Peltzer, L, Tuheiava-Richaud, V. S (2011). Tahitien de poche. Assimil France.
Salaün, M, Vernaudon, J, Paia, M (2016). “’Le Tahitien c’est pour dire bonjour et au revoir’: paroles d’enfants sur une langue autochtone en sursis.” Enfances, Familles, Générations: Revue Interdisciplinaire sur la Famille Contemporaine, n.25, 1-64.
Sultan, P. (2011). La scène littéraire post-coloniale. Paris: Editions Le Manuscript.
Vernier, C (1948). “Les variations du vocabulaire Tahitien avant et après les contacts européens.” Journal de la Société des Océanistes, Paris: 57-85.
114 Responses to “Te Reo Tahiti”
search dececased
search dececased
[…]Sysoon is a free resource for finding the final resting places of famous folks, friends or family members and view the burial records from thousands of cemeteries across the world. […]
National Chi Nan University
National Chi Nan University
[…]below youll find the link to some internet sites that we feel you ought to visit[…]
casino online
I’ve been looking for photos and articles on this topic over the past few days due to a school assignment, casino online and I’m really happy to find a post with the material I was looking for! I bookmark and will come often! Thanks :D
رسوم دراسة ماجستير إدارة الأعمال
رسوم دراسة ماجستير إدارة الأعمال
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine some unrelated information, nevertheless really really worth taking a look, whoa did one particular find out about Mid East has got much more problerms too […]
top university in egypt
top university in egypt
[…]Sites of interest we have a link to[…]
Adam Soler
Un amigo estaba buscando tragaperras españolas. Le sugerí este sitio con una lista, juegos populares y varias promociones: https://casinosonlineespaña.org/tragaperras
Eggy Car
This is a beautiful vacation destination. I will visit it one day soon with my family
Rihanna Superbowl Jumpsuit
Great job for publishing such a beneficial web site. Your web log isn’t only useful but it is additionally really creative too. There tend to be not many people who can certainly write not so simple posts that artistically. Continue the nice writing
stephen hawking biography
A must-read for language enthusiasts seeking a deeper understanding of Reo Tahiti
Parth Patel
2-Bromoethanol manufacturers in india The chemical structure in a molecular includes its arrangement of the atoms, as well as the bonds between them that hold the atoms. The 2-BROMOETHANOL chemical molecule is comprised of an array of 8 bond(s) The molecule has three non-H bond(s) one hydroxyl group(s) and one principal alcohol(s).
Comfast Extender Setup
Effortlessly configure your Comfast extender for a stronger and wider network.
Bushra
This is a great inspiring article.I am pretty much pleased with your good work.You put really very helpful information. Keep it up. Keep blogging. Looking to reading your next post. bokep jepang
Fullz info
CRDSTORE offer high-quality Fullz info based from our long selling experience and aim to connect with buyers for reliable and secure transactions.
lunchtime result
thanks this is good blog.
togel result
Your music is amazing. You have some very talented artists. I wish you the best of success.
bandar togel resmi
Superbly written article, if only all bloggers offered the same content as you, the internet would be a far better place..
ทางเข้าUFABET
Most of the time I don’t make comments on websites, but I’d like to say that this article really forced me to do so. Really nice post!
UFABET เข้าสู่ระบบทางเข้า
Great post I would like to thank you for the efforts you have made in writing this interesting and knowledgeable article.
Bushra
Thank you again for all the knowledge you distribute,Good post. I was very interested in the article, it’s quite inspiring I should admit. I like visiting you site since I always come across interesting articles like this one.Great Job, I greatly appreciate that.Do Keep sharing! Regards, ทางเข้า ufabet มือถือ
www.UFABET.com
Hey what a brilliant post I have come across and believe me I have been searching out for this similar kind of post for past a week and hardly came across this. Thank you very much and will look for more postings from you.
situs toto
Your website is really cool and this is a great inspiring article.
สล็อตออนไลน์
New web site is looking good. Thanks for the great effort.
link bokep
Thank you again for all the knowledge you distribute,Good post. I was very interested in the article, it’s quite inspiring I should admit. I like visiting you site since I always come across interesting articles like this one.Great Job, I greatly appreciate that.Do Keep sharing! Regards,
Pack2go
Pack2Go is one of the best international moving companies in UAE, with strong ideals and a passion for perfection. We have an excellent team of packers and movers who are ready to take on the challenges of moving, making it a mission to provide you with the best service, no matter what the destination is. We know the importance of getting your stuff safely across various distances, so it doesn’t matter the distance we are covering, the level of protection for your belongings will be the same.
https://pack2go.ae/about-us/
film porno
Love to read it,Waiting For More new Update and I Already Read your Recent Post its Great Thanks.
bokep jepang
thanks this is good blog.
sinh tố trái cây
Nice Informative Blog having nice sharing..
Bushra
i read a lot of stuff and i found that the way of writing to clearifing that exactly want to say was very good so i am impressed and ilike to come again in future.. Nanaimo Reiki
Artur Klar
Discover a variety of cars at Analyticauto.com, from pre-owned to new models, with details on prices, features and equipment. Compare different cars to find the one that is right for you and get helpful advice and reviews analyticauto.com
Apunkagames
Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want say that this article is very nice and very informative article.I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can’t help but wonder, what about the other side? !!!!!!THANKS!!!!!!
Buy Threads Followers
SMMSAV is The Best SMM Panel provides the powerful promotion of social media accounts to enable you to Beat your competitors.
Buy Threads Followers
We would be pleased to grow your business with our best SMM panel services. Visit us today!
link bokep
very interesting keep posting.
bokep jepang
Thanks for sharing the info, keep up the good work going…. I really enjoyed exploring your site. good resource…
Bushra
I am hoping the same best effort from you in the future as well. In fact your creative writing skills has inspired me. situs porno
Bushra
Great! It sounds good. Thanks for sharing.. amazon news today
bingo89
Yes i am totally agreed with this article and i just want say that this article is very nice and very informative article.I will make sure to be reading your blog more. You made a good point but I can’t help but wonder, what about the other side? !!!!!!THANKS!!!!!!
link bokep
Your blog provided us with valuable information to work with. Each & every tips of your post are awesome. Thanks a lot for sharing. Keep blogging,
hydrodermabrasion machine professional
thanks for this usefull article, waiting for this article like this again.
Star Trek Picard Season 3 Leather Jacket
Superb! very impressive and I get many ideas from this article. It is very helpful for me I appreciate the practical advice you provided at the end of the post
hoodie blanket
The sleeves in a hoodie blanket allow the wearer to keep their arms free to read, use electronic devices, eat, or perform other activities while staying warm.
Homemade Food App
Thanks for the valuable information and insights you have so provided here…
IPL Machine for Sale
Explore our wide range of used lasers and accessories for aesthetics, surgical, ophthalmology, and veterinary needs. We offer a variety of high-quality cosmetic and aesthetic laser machines from top brands such as Alma, Candela, Cutera, Palomar, Vivace, and Cynosure. Get the best value for your business with our innovative laser technology selection. Visit us now for more information.
3d hoodie
3D hoodies are known for their eye-catching and unique designs. They often feature vibrant colors and intricate patterns that stand out from traditional, flat-printed hoodies.
spider man crocs miles morales
I really appreciate the kind of topics you post here. Thanks for sharing us a great information that is actually helpful. Good day!
Florida property taxes
Certain regions of Florida are experiencing rapid population growth and urban development, which can influence real estate trends and investment opportunities.
www.canadacloudpharmacy.com
Life can be demanding, and timely access to medications is crucial. Canada pharmacies excel in this aspect by ensuring prompt and reliable delivery services. Whether it’s a chronic medication that needs regular refilling or an urgent prescription, patients can trust that their medications will reach them on time, fostering peace of mind and continuity of care.
Talent Management
thanks for this usefull article, waiting for this article like this again.
sugary baby sites
I appreciated your work very thanks
IRS Tax Attorney
Most of the time I don’t make comments on websites, but I’d like to say that this article really forced me to do so. Really nice post!
party rentals
This article gives the light in which we can observe the reality. This is very nice one and gives indepth information. Thanks for this nice article.
Movers Vancouver
Vancouver moving companies offer customizable services to meet your specific requirements, whether you need a full-service move or assistance with specific tasks.
shaikh seoWhat is ChatGPT Jailbreak
OpenAI promotes the responsible and ethical use of ChatGPT to avoid any potential negative consequences.
How to Sign Up for Chat GPT?
ChatGPT is trained on a diverse range of internet text, giving it exposure to a wide variety of topics and language patterns.
Create NSFW and Adult Content Images
Certainly! AI can assist in creating images through a process known as “generative art” or “image synthesis.” One popular technique for this is using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), a type of AI model that consists of two neural networks – a generator and a discriminator – working together to produce realistic images.
NSFW Chatbots
Chatbots are designed for a higher level of relationships concurrently, ensuring effective and scalable customer support or information dissemination.
ai clothes remover
AI might anticipate potential outcomes predicated on previous knowledge and types, encouraging functioning planning and decision-making.
Features of Chai App
The app offers users insights into investment opportunities and options, allowing them to explore avenues for growing their wealth. This feature caters to users who wish to optimize their financial planning and explore investment avenues.
greenlife
ايس بليجر اتش ام سولت نكهة ايسكريم كراميل 75 ر.س ايس بليجر اتش ام سولت نكهة ايسكريم كراميل نكهة سولت الآيس كريم والكراميل IC Pleasure Salt 30 مل نيكوتين 50,25 ⭐️روقان هو متجر إلكتروني متخصص في بيع نكهات المعسل العادية والإلكترونية وكذلك الشيشة العادية و الإلكترونية وكل ملحقاتها. تابع لمؤسسة عالم الروقان للتجارة.
For more at نكهة كراميل
Cymath
thanks this is good blog.
victoria
We offer specialized assistance for PC Repair in NW3 Hampstead, with a team of experts who follow a no-fix, no-fee policy. Our services encompass various software-related concerns, such as booting issues, challenges with data access, and more.
How Does Hotpot AI Work?
Traditional artists find inspiration by collaborating with AI, injecting a fresh perspective into their work and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations.
selfie ai app
The AI selfie generator serves as both a mirror and a portal, reflecting the depths of human imagination and opening doors to uncharted dimensions of visual storytelling.
How to Use Furry Diffusion AI
Furry AI art generators are systems that leverage machine learning models to automatically create original anthropomorphic animal character illustrations and designs based on text prompts. They cater specifically to the furry fandom community.
What is Ecoute AI for Mac?
Ecoute AI is an artificial intelligence system that transcribes audio into text, indexes the content, and generates rich insights. The Mac version allows users to feed in audio files, podcasts, interviews, and recordings for analysis.
kayaking tours
Kayaking in Canada offers a remarkable opportunity to immerse oneself in the beauty of the country’s pristine waterscapes. This exploration delves into the allure of kayaking in Canada, highlighting its breathtaking natural settings, diverse waterways, and the exhilarating sense of adventure that awaits.
reddit.com casinos
Kayaking in Canada offers a remarkable opportunity to immerse oneself in the beauty of the country’s pristine waterscapes. This exploration delves into the allure of kayaking in Canada, highlighting its breathtaking natural settings, diverse waterways, and the exhilarating sense of adventure that awaits.
personalized halloween blanket
Children’s imaginations run wild as they huddle under Halloween blankets, crafting tales of friendly ghosts and mischievous goblins.
How Does Biden Speak in Public?
The Joe Biden AI voice can contribute to accessibility by providing an alternative communication method for those with speech difficulties.
Poe
Engaging Poe ChatGPT offers the opportunity to discuss literary themes, narrative techniques, and the impact of Poe’s work.
Bella Facial
looking for machine for facial treatment, we can provide them
Albert Oganisqn
This blog is an amazing one, the contents here are always very educative and useful, the reason I make it my regular blog of visit so as to widen my knowledge every day, thanks for always sharing useful and interesting information, you can checkout this I’ve always wondered about this! Loved your advice!! Thanks so much for sharing your expertise 🙂
Regards :
A generous size for the ultimate lounging experience, our Bean Bag is loosely filled for a combination of softness and support. Buy Now!
chatgpt and porn
Craft content for role-playing interactions, such as interviews, debates, or historical reenactments.
Nithishma
Wow its a very beautiful and interesting post. Thank you so much for sharing this information. I have some useful information about Places to visit in wales is a captivating country situated on the western side of the United Kingdom, is a land of natural beauty, rich history, and vibrant culture.
using chatgpt to transcribe audio
Transcribers listen carefully to the audio, deciphering spoken words, accents, and nuances.
Craiyon
Craiyon’s innovative products encourage artists to think outside the box, experiment, and discover new dimensions of their creativity.
amazon news
Please share more like that.
nailababar
Tees and Bees So after reading your article, I’m going to invest some time in a blog post commenting.
How to Use ChatGPT To Write SQL Queries
The UPDATE statement modifies existing records in a table, altering specific columns based on defined conditions.
강릉출장샵
My wife style of bogus body art were being quite unsafe. Mother worked with gun 1st, after which they your lover snuck totally fr강릉출장샵ee upon an tattoo ink ink. I was confident the fact just about every really should not be epidermal, due to the tattoo ink could be attracted from the entire body. make an own temporary tattoo
film porno
Thanks For sharing this Superb article.I use this Article to show my assignment in college.it is useful For me Great Work.
situs bokep
Thanks for sharing nice information with us. i like your post and all you share with us is uptodate and quite informative, i would like to bookmark the page so i can come here again to read you, as you have done a wonderful job.
game cards templates
Thanks for your information, it was really very helpfull..
medical laser
Get top-of-the-line laser equipment at a fraction of the cost with our used lasers and accessories for aesthetics, surgical, ophthalmology, and veterinary needs. Our selection includes a wide variety of high-quality cosmetic and aesthetic lasers from top brands like Alma, Candela, Cutera, Palomar, Vivace, and Cynosure. Visit us now for more information and the best value for your business.
continue
Express gratitude to those who are celebrating with you and those who have been a part of your life. Consider writing thank-you notes.
retirement greeting quotes
“Retirement is not the end; it’s the beginning of a life where you get to do all the things you’ve always wanted. Enjoy every moment!”
bokep jepang
The information you have posted is very useful. The sites you have referred was good. Thanks for sharing..
Planning & Scheduling
OD practitioners, often internal or external consultants, work closely with organizations to design and implement change initiatives. They provide expertise, facilitation, and guidance.
bokep indo
What a fantabulous post this has been. Never seen this kind of useful post. I am grateful to you and expect more number of posts like these. Thank you very much.
buy backlinks
Some modern slot machines have interactive touchscreens, allowing players to touch and swipe to spin the reels, select options, and interact with the game.
www.getzq.com
Overall, modern slots have evolved to offer a more engaging and entertaining gaming experience, with a wide range of features, themes, and potential rewards. However, it’s important to gamble responsibly and be aware that, like all forms of gambling, playing slots carries financial risks.
visite site
I appreciate everything you have added to my knowledge base.Admiring the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer.Thanks.
here are the findings
Nice to read your article! I am looking forward to sharing your adventures and experiences.
use the openai api in python
The API response will contain the generated text or other data you requested. You can extract the relevant information from the response object and use it in your application.
gpt 2 output detector demo
Many businesses employ the AI Classifier to streamline their customer support operations. It can classify customer inquiries and route them to the appropriate department or provide automated responses for common queries, improving efficiency and customer satisfaction.
Janitor AI
It’s important to emphasize that NSFW chatbots are designed for specific adult audiences who seek this type of content. Users and developers should exercise discretion and ensure that they are using or creating such chatbots in compliance with relevant laws and platform policies.
London Law Tutor
What a fantabulous post this has been. Never seen this kind of useful post. I am grateful to you and expect more number of posts like these. Thank you very much.
Buy Whole Oats Grains Wholesale
If you’re looking to buy animal feeds wholesale in Europe, you have several options to consider. Purchasing animal feeds in bulk can be cost-effective for farmers, pet food manufacturers, and other businesses involved in animal care.
shrine board helicopter booking
After the flight, consider leaving feedback or a review for the helicopter operator to share your experience with others.
film porno
Great write-up, I am a big believer in commenting on blogs to inform the blog writers know that they’ve added something worthwhile to the world wide web!..
Bushra batool
Proponents of fulvic acid drops claim various health benefits, including improved nutrient absorption, enhanced detoxification, increased energy, and support for overall well-being. However, scientific research on these claims is limited, and the effectiveness of fulvic acid as a dietary supplement is a subject of ongoing study.
Law tutor
Law tutor I can see that you are an expert at your field! I am launching a website soon, and your information will be very useful for me.. Thanks for all your help and wishing you all the success in your business.
Naveedmughal
Really a great addition. I have read this marvelous post. Thanks for sharing information about it. I really like that. Thanks so lot for your convene. 5 illik Hindistan vizası
London Law Tutor
Thanks for the valuable information and insights you have so provided here…
سباك
Plumbers connect buildings to the public water supply or private well systems. They install water meters, pressure regulators, and backflow prevention devices to maintain water quality and safety.
What is a health sharing ministry?
Love to read it,Waiting For More new Update and I Already Read your Recent Post its Great Thanks.
Naveedmughal
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. I love seeing blog that understand the value of providing a quality resource for free. requisitos de visa india de camerún
Naveedmughal
Thanks you very much for sharing these links. Will definitely check this out.. インドã®eビザã®è³‡æ ¼ ベリーズ市民
Naveedmughal
Very useful post. This is my first time i visit here. I found so many interesting stuff in your blog especially its discussion. Really its great article. Keep it up.ПроцеÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñ‡Ð¸ заÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° визу в Канаду
Colour Prediction Game
Best Color Prediction Game Based platforms promise to earn money quickly by allowing users to place bets and win good returns for predicting the right color.
suraj sharma
We liked your site very much, the way you have taught people something through your blog on this site is very good.
Visa de transit canadien
Thank you again for all the knowledge you distribute,Good post. I was very interested in the article, it’s quite inspiring I should admit. I like visiting you site since I always come across interesting articles like this one.Great Job, I greatly appreciate that.Do Keep sharing! Regards,
Bushra batool
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free. Canada Visa for Israel Citizens
video porno
This is such a great resource that you are providing and you give it away for free.