The cold and windswept Andean highlands are an unlikely place for humans to live in, much less build an advanced civilisation that would turn out to arguably be the most successful in all of the pre-Columbian Americas. In only a hundred years, the Incas managed to forge an empire that at its largest extent was bigger than modern-day France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, and Poland combined, stretching from Colombia in the North to Chile in the South, and ruling over an estimated 12 million people with diverse cultures and languages. Amazingly, the Incas did all this without the wheel, the use of iron or steel, or a written language, which were once thought to be indispensable for empire building in the so-called Old World. In spite of all this success, this great Incan empire vanished almost as quickly as it expanded, conquered by rapacious and ruthless Spanish conquistadors looking for gold and to spread the word of their god.
A Khipukamayuq, a professional Incan khipu weaver and decipherer, displaying a khipu (Source)
Given that they had no written language, most of what we know of the Incas come from Spanish records, which detailed their way of life, architecture, and other achievements through a distinctly colonial lens. However, historians and archaeologists are currently beginning to unearth the fascinating ways in which the Incas managed their vast empire, most importantly the use of unique Khipus (Quipus in Spanish) which were complex knotted instruments made from spun threads, in order to transmit information in a wholly innovative manner unheard of and unseen in other parts of the world.
Writing: Legacy of the Mesopotamians and the Chinese (and some Mesoamericans)
Two systems? Writing on the right and Khipus in the illustration on the left (Source)
Most, if not all, readers would be familiar with the various writing systems currently used in Asia, Europe, and Africa, ranging from alphabets such as Latin and Cyrillic, logographs as exemplified by Chinese characters, and abugidas as used in Arabic and Hebrew. However, in spite of their diversity, all of these descend from the writing systems developed either by the Mesopotamians around present day Iraq, or the Chinese, around the Yellow River valley in northern China. In the Americas, only the Mesoamericans, who were people living in Central America, including the Maya and the Olmecs, developed writing (unfortunately, records of this have also been destroyed by the Spanish). All of the aforementioned systems are two dimensional representations of verbal speech, which could be stored and transmitted again long after the initial words were spoken by someone.
It is generally agreed by historians and archaeologists that writing first arose from the need to keep accounting records of transactions in a complex society, which was only beginning to take root after humans settled and developed agriculture. From noting down how many cows Naram-Sin owed Liu Shen, the type of information encoded in the writing gradually became more intricate, such that by the time of the Egyptians and Greeks, poetry was able to be written down and appreciated far and wide. But what about the Incas?
Inca unwritten, but spun?
That the Incas never developed written language has perplexed many an anthropologist and historian, as such complex empires usually needed a way of storing and transmitting information to coordinate the day-to-day administration of the society. The Incas, however, were not completely devoid of such mechanisms.
Khipus, popularly termed “talking knots”, were long thought to be accounting tools, as they resembled abacuses in their structure and use. Khipus were made of a group of cotton or alpaca wool threads of different colours spun or knotted together. A single khipu might contain up to 2,000 threads and many more knots, and the method of tying these knots as well as their relative positions could encode different bits of information, which meant that khipus could store and display this in 3 dimensions.
An intuitive system (Source)
Inca nobility were taught how to read khipus in their educational institutions, but because of the array of ways in which information could be presented in khipus, professionals called Khipukamayuqs were also employed by the Inca state to specially create and decipher the knots and threads.
From Spanish records, Khipus were understood to have been used extensively in the empire. There are numerous reports of them being used in Inca colcas, or state-run warehouses, to keep track of the number of crops and reserves that were available for distribution (the Inca state having practiced an early form of a centrally planned economy). Khipus were also known to have been used to record the annual mit’a (tax) obligations of citizens, who contributed labour and skills in place of money, which the Incas also did not use.
Khipukamayuqs making records with their khipus (Source)
As khipus were mostly found to have been used to record numerical information (e.g. quantity, size), researchers initially believed that they were merely used for accounting, or as mnemonic devices to assist in recalling certain facts, but did not contain complex ideas in and of themselves. However, in 2005, a report in the journal Science by anthropologist Gary Urton and mathematician Carrie J. Brezine noted that one particular khipu had a series of knots at its start which did not correspond to any number, but seemed to be a unique signifier whose meaning has yet to be identified. According to Dr Urton’s research, one of the likely answers was that it represented the name of the place where the khipu came from, a village near Lima called Puruchuco.
Extrapolating from this, Dr Urton postulated that khipus contained a form of binary code which was capable not only of encoding numbers, but also complex ideas and concepts: in other words, a three-dimensional system to record language that went beyond two-dimensional writing. This was a very controversial idea, but there were Spanish records to support Dr Urton’s position: some Spaniards had noted that a group of Khipukamayuqs had previously been convened to decipher and tell the Incas’ extensive history from the khipus that they had. A Spanish priest had also recounted that a group of Spaniards had come across an Inca man, who quickly hid his khipus from view when he was encountered. When interrogated, the man confessed that his khipus had recorded all the atrocities and massacres that the Spaniards had inflicted upon the Incas, and that the world was going to see their sins laid bare. Incensed, the Spaniards proceeded to burn his khipus, along with countless others throughout the empire. In doing so, they ensured that the khipu system would never be passed down to future Incas and that the full range of secrets of the khipus, including whether they did indeed encode language, would long be hidden from modern eyes.
Regaining the lost wisdom of the Incas
The Milky Way, or Mayu, was an important part of Inca cosmology, seen as the gateway to the underworld, “travelled by spirits, deities, and shamans in trance” (Bahnhart, 1994) (Source)
In spite of, and maybe even due to, all that has been lost, archaeologists, anthropologists, and historians are still working feverishly to gain a better understanding of the full range of information that khipus contained, and to confirm if khipus indeed were a means to communicate. Peru has a wealth of ancient monuments, sites, and artifacts that may yet show just how advanced the Incas were, perhaps making use of their superior knowledge of textiles and their singular obsession with weaving to develop a corollary to writing that did not even occur to the minds of those we usually consider the pioneers of our modern civilisation. Who knows: maybe one day the tales that Mother Llama told to Baby Llama as they trundled through the life-giving Mayu (or Milky Way) may finally be rediscovered, long after they were left ensconced in the amazing khipus of the Incas.
Further Reading
Ancientscripts.com. (N.D.) Quipu. Retrieved from http://www.ancientscripts.com/quipu.html
Bahnhart, Edwin L. (1994). The Milky Way as the path to the underworld: A comparison of pre-Columbian New World cultures. Palenque, Mexico: Maya Exploration Centre.
Mann, Charles C. (2003). Cracking the Khipu Code. Science, 300, pp. 1650-1651. Retrieved from http://www.charlesmann.org/articles/Khipu-Science.pdf
Urton, Gary. (2003). Signs of the Inka Khipu: Binary Coding in the Andean Knotted-String Records. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press.
Wilford, John N. (2003). String and Knot, Theory of Inca Writing. Retrieved from http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/inca-khipu.html
174 Responses to “The Khipus of the Incas”
clazwork
Great post. I used to be checking always this weblog and I am impressed. Very useful info, Specially the last time I take care of such information a lot. I wish to advise you some interesting things or tips. I used to be looking for this positive information for a long time. Thanks and good luck. I wish for to read more things about it.
critical thinking essays
Writing a critical thinking essay actually means making a critical decision and defending it. If you have pending essays on critical thinking that are due soon, then be ready to engage in a lengthy and productive decision making process.
alice grey
If you see that you have no time for writing papers then it’s better to apply to the essay writing service where you can find useful information about writing different papers. Such help you can find at the https://essaywritingstore.com/
Chirurgiens esthétique Tunisie
Chirurgiens esthétique Tunisie
[…]Every when inside a while we choose blogs that we study. Listed beneath would be the most current internet sites that we opt for […]
National Chi Nan University
National Chi Nan University
[…]although sites we backlink to beneath are considerably not associated to ours, we feel they are actually really worth a go by, so have a look[…]
fue gallery
fue gallery
[…]Sites of interest we have a link to[…]
Higher education
Higher education
[…]the time to study or take a look at the subject material or web pages we’ve linked to below the[…]
برنامج المالية بجامعة المستقبل بمصر
برنامج المالية بجامعة المستقبل بمصر
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine a few unrelated data, nonetheless definitely really worth taking a appear, whoa did one discover about Mid East has got more problerms as well […]
21st Century workforce development
21st Century workforce development
[…]Here are a few of the internet sites we recommend for our visitors[…]
Course Add/Drop Policy
Course Add/Drop Policy
[…]The facts talked about inside the write-up are several of the very best offered […]
fue
fue
[…]one of our visitors recently suggested the following website[…]
future unversity in egypt news
future unversity in egypt news
[…]very handful of web-sites that occur to become in depth below, from our point of view are undoubtedly very well worth checking out[…]
International student admissions to future university
International student admissions to future university
[…]here are some links to web pages that we link to for the reason that we assume they’re worth visiting[…]
متطلبات كشف الدرجات لجامعة المستقبل
متطلبات كشف الدرجات لجامعة المستقبل
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine a few unrelated information, nonetheless really worth taking a look, whoa did one master about Mid East has got additional problerms also […]
https://www.kooky.domains/post/key-features-of-web3-domains
https://www.kooky.domains/post/key-features-of-web3-domains
[…]just beneath, are numerous totally not related websites to ours, nonetheless, they’re surely worth going over[…]
دورات الماحسبة بجامعة المستقبل بمصر
دورات الماحسبة بجامعة المستقبل بمصر
[…]one of our guests lately proposed the following website[…]
Character building
Character building
[…]although sites we backlink to below are considerably not connected to ours, we really feel they are really worth a go by means of, so have a look[…]
ملاحظة ترحيب لكلية الصيدلة
ملاحظة ترحيب لكلية الصيدلة
[…]here are some hyperlinks to web pages that we link to mainly because we think they’re really worth visiting[…]
Global Impact
Global Impact
[…]the time to read or check out the content material or web-sites we’ve linked to below the[…]
IT Management
IT Management
[…]just beneath, are a lot of totally not related websites to ours, on the other hand, they may be surely worth going over[…]
future unversity in egypt news
future unversity in egypt news
[…]that is the end of this post. Right here youll locate some internet sites that we consider you will value, just click the hyperlinks over[…]
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology
Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology
[…]that will be the end of this write-up. Here youll find some web pages that we feel youll value, just click the links over[…]
Maillot de football
Maillot de football
[…]we prefer to honor quite a few other internet web pages around the internet, even though they arent linked to us, by linking to them. Under are some webpages really worth checking out[…]
Maillot de football
Maillot de football
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine a few unrelated information, nevertheless truly really worth taking a search, whoa did one particular study about Mid East has got more problerms also […]
Maillot de football
Maillot de football
[…]below you will locate the link to some web-sites that we feel you’ll want to visit[…]
SEOSolutionVIP Fiverr
SEOSolutionVIP Fiverr
[…]usually posts some quite fascinating stuff like this. If you are new to this site[…]
tirage vertical
tirage vertical
[…]Sites of interest we’ve a link to[…]
puppies french bulldog
puppies french bulldog
[…]very few internet websites that occur to be comprehensive beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly properly really worth checking out[…]
ddkc
ddkc
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine several unrelated data, nonetheless seriously really worth taking a search, whoa did one particular find out about Mid East has got a lot more problerms as well […]
vacation rental isla mujeres
vacation rental isla mujeres
[…]below you will discover the link to some web-sites that we assume you should visit[…]
Climate-Controlled Piano Storage
Climate-Controlled Piano Storage
[…]check below, are some absolutely unrelated websites to ours, even so, they are most trustworthy sources that we use[…]
isabella merle french bulldog
isabella merle french bulldog
[…]usually posts some extremely interesting stuff like this. If youre new to this site[…]
bitcoin
bitcoin
[…]very few sites that take place to become detailed beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly well worth checking out[…]
phone repair
phone repair
[…]very couple of websites that occur to become detailed beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly properly really worth checking out[…]
french bulldog texas for sale
french bulldog texas for sale
[…]please stop by the web-sites we adhere to, including this one particular, because it represents our picks through the web[…]
future university
future university
[…]Every as soon as inside a whilst we opt for blogs that we study. Listed beneath would be the most up-to-date websites that we choose […]
future university
future university
[…]check beneath, are some completely unrelated internet websites to ours, on the other hand, they may be most trustworthy sources that we use[…]
slot nexus
slot nexus
[…]here are some links to websites that we link to because we feel they’re worth visiting[…]
what is seo
what is seo
[…]here are some links to internet sites that we link to simply because we feel they’re worth visiting[…]
Fiverr
Fiverr
[…]check beneath, are some totally unrelated websites to ours, having said that, they’re most trustworthy sources that we use[…]
Fiverr.Com
Fiverr.Com
[…]Sites of interest we’ve a link to[…]
grey frenchie
grey frenchie
[…]very handful of internet sites that occur to become detailed below, from our point of view are undoubtedly effectively really worth checking out[…]
golf cart rental isla mujeres
golf cart rental isla mujeres
[…]The info talked about within the post are some of the ideal readily available […]
FUE
FUE
[…]Every as soon as inside a although we choose blogs that we study. Listed beneath would be the most recent internet sites that we pick […]
FUE
FUE
[…]please go to the web-sites we comply with, which includes this 1, as it represents our picks in the web[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine some unrelated information, nevertheless genuinely really worth taking a look, whoa did a single find out about Mid East has got much more problerms as well […]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]that will be the end of this article. Right here youll uncover some websites that we assume youll appreciate, just click the links over[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]just beneath, are a lot of absolutely not connected web-sites to ours, nevertheless, they may be certainly really worth going over[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]we came across a cool internet site that you might get pleasure from. Take a search for those who want[…]
spin238
… [Trackback]
[…] Find More here on that Topic: unravellingmag.com/articles/the-khipus-of-the-incas/ […]
Unisex On-Demand Print Shop
Unisex On-Demand Print Shop
[…]below youll discover the link to some web sites that we think you must visit[…]
Betting tips
Betting tips
[…]just beneath, are several entirely not connected web sites to ours, nonetheless, they may be certainly worth going over[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]The facts mentioned in the write-up are some of the ideal obtainable […]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]we like to honor many other online internet sites around the internet, even if they arent linked to us, by linking to them. Below are some webpages really worth checking out[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]The information talked about in the article are some of the very best obtainable […]
french bulldog dallas
french bulldog dallas
[…]here are some hyperlinks to sites that we link to for the reason that we think they may be worth visiting[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]The information and facts mentioned inside the article are a few of the most beneficial accessible […]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]very few internet sites that occur to become comprehensive below, from our point of view are undoubtedly very well worth checking out[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]Sites of interest we’ve a link to[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]The facts talked about in the report are several of the best available […]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]The data mentioned within the write-up are several of the best accessible […]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]always a huge fan of linking to bloggers that I enjoy but really don’t get a good deal of link appreciate from[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]usually posts some pretty interesting stuff like this. If youre new to this site[…]
A2 Ghee
A2 Ghee
[…]just beneath, are various absolutely not connected internet sites to ours, on the other hand, they are surely worth going over[…]
Scientific Research
Scientific Research
[…]usually posts some pretty interesting stuff like this. If you are new to this site[…]
Kuliah Termurah
Kuliah Termurah
[…]we came across a cool web site that you just could possibly love. Take a look should you want[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine some unrelated information, nonetheless definitely worth taking a look, whoa did 1 discover about Mid East has got more problerms too […]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]just beneath, are many entirely not related web-sites to ours, however, they’re surely really worth going over[…]
FiverrEarn
FiverrEarn
[…]the time to study or stop by the material or websites we have linked to below the[…]
Generator repair Yorkshire
Generator repair Yorkshire
[…]here are some links to web-sites that we link to due to the fact we assume they are worth visiting[…]
cheap sex cams
cheap sex cams
[…]The information mentioned in the article are a few of the very best obtainable […]
fullersears.com
fullersears.com
[…]Here is a good Weblog You might Find Exciting that we Encourage You[…]
dehydrated water
dehydrated water
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine a handful of unrelated data, nevertheless actually really worth taking a look, whoa did a single learn about Mid East has got additional problerms also […]
Freeze dried candy Canada
Freeze dried candy Canada
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine a few unrelated data, nonetheless genuinely really worth taking a search, whoa did one particular discover about Mid East has got a lot more problerms also […]
Litigio fiscal
Litigio fiscal
[…]we came across a cool internet site that you simply might get pleasure from. Take a search for those who want[…]
Seo Work
Seo Work
[…]Every after in a while we choose blogs that we study. Listed below would be the most current web pages that we decide on […]
Agen judi online
Agen judi online
[…]Here are several of the web pages we suggest for our visitors[…]
One Peace AMV
One Peace AMV
[…]Here are a few of the sites we advise for our visitors[…]
nangs near me
nangs near me
[…]very handful of websites that come about to become in depth beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly properly worth checking out[…]
superslot
superslot
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine some unrelated information, nevertheless actually really worth taking a appear, whoa did one particular study about Mid East has got extra problerms too […]
mobile app developer
mobile app developer
[…]usually posts some incredibly exciting stuff like this. If you are new to this site[…]
918kiss
918kiss
[…]we like to honor quite a few other net web-sites around the net, even when they arent linked to us, by linking to them. Underneath are some webpages worth checking out[…]
หวย24
หวย24
[…]we came across a cool internet site which you may love. Take a look if you want[…]
Makeup tutorials
Makeup tutorials
[…]we came across a cool website that you just could possibly get pleasure from. Take a look in the event you want[…]
french bulldog in clothes
french bulldog in clothes
[…]just beneath, are various totally not related web pages to ours, nevertheless, they are surely really worth going over[…]
pg slot
pg slot
[…]just beneath, are many totally not connected internet sites to ours, having said that, they are surely worth going over[…]
regles 421
regles 421
[…]below you will come across the link to some websites that we consider it is best to visit[…]
cybersécurité
cybersécurité
[…]we prefer to honor quite a few other online web sites on the web, even if they arent linked to us, by linking to them. Underneath are some webpages worth checking out[…]
download aplikasi slot online
download aplikasi slot online
[…]just beneath, are various absolutely not related internet sites to ours, having said that, they may be certainly worth going over[…]
Dating Classes
Dating Classes
[…]just beneath, are several absolutely not associated web pages to ours, on the other hand, they may be certainly worth going over[…]
upstate hotels
upstate hotels
[…]just beneath, are various totally not related web-sites to ours, nonetheless, they are surely really worth going over[…]
weight loss drops
weight loss drops
[…]although internet sites we backlink to below are considerably not associated to ours, we really feel they may be really really worth a go by means of, so possess a look[…]
3 408 cheytac
3 408 cheytac
[…]below youll locate the link to some web sites that we consider you ought to visit[…]
contratar sicario
contratar sicario
[…]one of our guests not too long ago recommended the following website[…]
itsMasum.Com
itsMasum.Com
[…]check beneath, are some absolutely unrelated web sites to ours, nonetheless, they’re most trustworthy sources that we use[…]
itsMasum.Com
itsMasum.Com
[…]Sites of interest we’ve a link to[…]
nang tanks
nang tanks
[…]one of our guests recently encouraged the following website[…]
chauffe eau Tours
chauffe eau Tours
[…]one of our guests a short while ago advised the following website[…]
that's not my neighbor
The article provides a fascinating insight into the intricate system of communication and record-keeping employed by the Inca civilization through the use of khipus.
talkwithastranger
talkwithastranger
[…]always a massive fan of linking to bloggers that I love but do not get a lot of link really like from[…]
igrofresh
It is very interesting how people came up with the idea of communicating using such an interesting system. Of course, this is not as convenient as writing, but apparently people have adapted to it quite successfully.
joker gaming
joker gaming
[…]we came across a cool web-site which you could get pleasure from. Take a look for those who want[…]
ny jobs career
ny jobs career
[…]The information and facts talked about within the write-up are some of the best offered […]
jobs
jobs
[…]one of our guests lately suggested the following website[…]
margreta
It’s fascinating how people developed this unique way of communicating. It might not be as easy as writing, but they seem to have adapted to it well.
kim liam
Thank you for sharing this data. I really like what you’ve written on your blog.
Kampus Islami
Kampus Islami
[…]we came across a cool site which you may well enjoy. Take a look for those who want[…]
جامعة الملكة أروى للعلوم الاكاديمية
جامعة الملكة أروى للعلوم الاكاديمية
[…]very handful of web-sites that occur to become detailed below, from our point of view are undoubtedly nicely really worth checking out[…]
Queen Arwa University digital identity
Queen Arwa University digital identity
[…]Sites of interest we’ve a link to[…]
918kiss
918kiss
[…]that would be the finish of this report. Here you will come across some web-sites that we feel youll value, just click the links over[…]
Corporate Card Issuing
The robust security features offered by Corporate Card Issuing , particularly the 3D Secure technology, have given us peace of mind when it comes to the safety of our online transactions. This secure environment, combined with the platform’s comprehensive functionality for handling the complex needs of corporate finance management, has been integral to maintaining our company’s financial integrity.
Ninja Digital
I found this article to be really thought-provoking and well-written. Thank you for sharing your expertise on this topic. digital marketing company in gwalior
pg slot
pg slot
[…]Every when inside a while we pick out blogs that we read. Listed below are the latest web-sites that we decide on […]
918kiss
918kiss
[…]Here is a superb Blog You might Locate Intriguing that we Encourage You[…]
betflixauto
This is the ideal answer. Everyone should read this
Good article, keep it for future reference, thank you.
เว็บตรงไม่ผ่านเอเย่นต์
FB URL Shortener
FB URL Shortener
[…]very couple of internet websites that happen to become in depth beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly nicely really worth checking out[…]
ItMe.Xyz
ItMe.Xyz
[…]check below, are some totally unrelated web-sites to ours, nonetheless, they are most trustworthy sources that we use[…]
lee Book
La civilización inca, al no contar con un lenguaje escrito, utilizó un asombroso sistema de nudos (Khipus) para transmitir y registrar información, lo que demuestra sus logros únicos y complejos, y nos hace sentir un profundo respeto por la diversidad y profundidad de la historia humana.
itme.xyz
itme.xyz
[…]Here are a number of the websites we advise for our visitors[…]
Lows Adventures 2
Counting the threads of time: The Khipus of the Incas
Lows Adventures 2
SMM Heart
This is a fantastic resource! I’m grateful for the time and effort you put into making this post so helpful. cheapest smm
SMM World Panel
Your attention to detail and clarity really shines in this post. I’m grateful for the time and effort you put into it. follower panel
OlindaVidoniai
The program [Cherokee is] implementing is Podróbka Gucci Tenisówki going to ensure that Hi-Tec is better-known than it already is,” Simon Bonham, president of Hi-Tec North America, told Footwear News.
무주출장샵
WASHINGTON — Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth has ordered a review of the department’s fiscal 2026 budget plans in order무주출장샵 to shift funds from legacy programs towards President Donald Trump’s priorities, including border security and the Iron Dome for America.
wix seo specialist
wix seo specialist
[…]that may be the end of this write-up. Here youll discover some web sites that we believe youll value, just click the links over[…]
izcalli
izcalli
[…]please check out the web pages we comply with, like this 1, as it represents our picks from the web[…]
cheap french bulldog puppies under $500
cheap french bulldog puppies under $500
[…]here are some links to web sites that we link to simply because we consider they are really worth visiting[…]
frenchie for sale in houston
frenchie for sale in houston
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine a couple of unrelated data, nonetheless seriously really worth taking a appear, whoa did a single learn about Mid East has got extra problerms also […]
webcam girls
webcam girls
[…]check beneath, are some totally unrelated websites to ours, having said that, they are most trustworthy sources that we use[…]
free nude chat
free nude chat
[…]below youll uncover the link to some internet sites that we believe you should visit[…]
cheap adult webcams
cheap adult webcams
[…]just beneath, are several completely not associated web-sites to ours, however, they’re surely really worth going over[…]
massachusetts boston terriers
massachusetts boston terriers
[…]Every once in a whilst we decide on blogs that we study. Listed beneath are the most current web-sites that we choose […]
french bulldog texas
french bulldog texas
[…]check below, are some totally unrelated sites to ours, nevertheless, they may be most trustworthy sources that we use[…]
floodle puppies for sale
floodle puppies for sale
[…]below you will find the link to some web pages that we assume you need to visit[…]
acupuncture fort lee nj
acupuncture fort lee nj
[…]always a major fan of linking to bloggers that I appreciate but do not get quite a bit of link appreciate from[…]
culiacan clima
culiacan clima
[…]that could be the end of this write-up. Right here you will locate some sites that we consider you will value, just click the links over[…]
atizapán de zaragoza clima
atizapán de zaragoza clima
[…]we came across a cool website that you may well take pleasure in. Take a search in the event you want[…]
cuautitlan izcalli clima
cuautitlan izcalli clima
[…]Here are a few of the web pages we advocate for our visitors[…]
clima en chimalhuacan
clima en chimalhuacan
[…]below you will obtain the link to some web sites that we think you ought to visit[…]
cuautitlan izcalli clima
cuautitlan izcalli clima
[…]one of our guests lately encouraged the following website[…]
french bulldog rescue
french bulldog rescue
[…]Here is an excellent Blog You might Discover Exciting that we Encourage You[…]
liz kerr
liz kerr
[…]we came across a cool site that you just might love. Take a appear if you want[…]
clima en chimalhuacan
clima en chimalhuacan
[…]Every the moment inside a whilst we pick out blogs that we study. Listed beneath are the most recent internet sites that we select […]
surrogate mother in mexico
surrogate mother in mexico
[…]the time to study or pay a visit to the subject material or web sites we have linked to beneath the[…]
Sick
Sick
[…]below you will come across the link to some internet sites that we believe it is best to visit[…]
Keyence
Keyence
[…]the time to read or pay a visit to the content material or web-sites we have linked to below the[…]
بطاقه ايوا
بطاقه ايوا
[…]Here are a few of the web-sites we suggest for our visitors[…]
free webcam sex
free webcam sex
[…]we came across a cool website that you just may well take pleasure in. Take a search for those who want[…]
cheap video chat
cheap video chat
[…]The facts talked about in the write-up are a few of the very best accessible […]
micro american bullies
micro american bullies
[…]here are some hyperlinks to web sites that we link to since we consider they’re really worth visiting[…]
isla mujeres luxury rentals
isla mujeres luxury rentals
[…]Here is an excellent Weblog You might Locate Fascinating that we Encourage You[…]
play net app
play net app
[…]below youll discover the link to some sites that we assume it is best to visit[…]
rent a boat in cancun
rent a boat in cancun
[…]Here is a good Weblog You might Find Interesting that we Encourage You[…]
라이브스코어
라이브스코어
[…]although web sites we backlink to below are considerably not related to ours, we feel they may be really really worth a go by, so possess a look[…]
먹튀검증업체
먹튀감정사는 카지노사이트의 공정한 운영 여부를 평가하는 전문가 그룹입니다.
web3 gaming
web3 gaming
[…]Sites of interest we’ve a link to[…]
esports domain
esports domain
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine several unrelated data, nevertheless really really worth taking a look, whoa did one discover about Mid East has got a lot more problerms at the same time […]
french bulldog rescue
french bulldog rescue
[…]the time to read or take a look at the subject material or web pages we’ve linked to below the[…]
cs2 hacks
cs2 hacks
[…]just beneath, are several absolutely not related web pages to ours, nonetheless, they are surely worth going over[…]
aimbot apex
aimbot apex
[…]please go to the web-sites we comply with, which includes this 1, because it represents our picks through the web[…]
aimbot valorant
aimbot valorant
[…]although sites we backlink to beneath are considerably not associated to ours, we feel they are essentially worth a go via, so possess a look[…]
candy factory
candy factory
[…]here are some links to web-sites that we link to mainly because we feel they may be really worth visiting[…]
french bulldog puppies for sale $200
french bulldog puppies for sale $200
[…]The facts mentioned within the article are a few of the very best available […]
dump him shirt
dump him shirt
[…]below youll come across the link to some web-sites that we assume you must visit[…]
french bulldog puppies for sale houston texas
french bulldog puppies for sale houston texas
[…]that may be the end of this post. Right here you will obtain some internet sites that we consider youll appreciate, just click the hyperlinks over[…]
family ho
family ho
[…]we like to honor many other world-wide-web internet sites around the web, even if they arent linked to us, by linking to them. Beneath are some webpages worth checking out[…]
dog probiotic chews
dog probiotic chews
[…]The information mentioned in the article are a number of the top offered […]
dr kim acupuncture
dr kim acupuncture
[…]very couple of web-sites that take place to become comprehensive beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly effectively worth checking out[…]
we buy dogs
we buy dogs
[…]just beneath, are a lot of totally not connected sites to ours, having said that, they may be surely worth going over[…]
linh hoang
linh hoang
[…]Wonderful story, reckoned we could combine a couple of unrelated information, nevertheless genuinely really worth taking a look, whoa did a single master about Mid East has got additional problerms at the same time […]
mexican candy store near me
mexican candy store near me
[…]very few sites that occur to be detailed beneath, from our point of view are undoubtedly properly worth checking out[…]
mexican candy store near me
mexican candy store near me
[…]please visit the web sites we comply with, including this one, because it represents our picks from the web[…]
YakovQadirl
While I link would argue that the dimensions are on the larger side of what I prefer for a dive watch the titanium construction will certainly help balance some of the mass and for those who want to dig deeper into the ergonomics of this packaging Logan wrote a Second Opinions all bout how well the SLGA015 wears despite its sizing.
EdanaNyakoj
The smooth curves and short drilled lugs of the case are made even link shorter via a hard case edge that fills some of the space between the lugs filling the gap that might be present for some bracelets or most strap designs. This element is an exaggerated callback to the traditional H-shape case of the skin diver and it ensures that any mount option meets nicely with the 20mm lugs.